Distance estimations in static images: does viewing distance matter?

Previous research has examined the effect of display size on
distance estimation in static images and demonstrated that
display size affects participant’s distance estimate task
performance. Several other researches have also reported
similar outcomes. Examination of the experimental setups
of these early researchers suggests that other factors may
also contribute to the effect. In this paper, we report our
investigations that extend the earlier research by examining
the contribution of other factor such as viewing distance
and physiological cues. By fixing the viewing distance of
the observer, our research indicates that viewing distance
(and physiological cues) does influence distance estimation.
The large magnitude of effect size for display size factor
however suggested that display size still constitutes a major influence in distance estimation task