Biodiesel purification via ultrasonic-assisted solvent-aided crystallization

Wet washing is a widely used method for biodiesel purification. However, this technique generates a large amount of wastewater that needs to be treated afterward, which is costly and time-consuming. Thus, solvent-aided crystallization (SAC) with ultrasonic irradiation as solution movement assistance was introduced. This technique is based on the addition of 1-butanol to biodiesel to enhance purification via crystallization. During crystallization, two phases are formed, where glycerol solidifies (solid phase) and pure biodiesel remains (liquid phase). Technically, the implementation of ultrasonic technology can optimize laboratory work by saving time, as no cleaning or washing of the propeller is needed. Biodiesel purity was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), where a purity of 99 was achieved. The optimum parameters in achieving higher purity fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) were a 1-butanol concentration of 1 wt., a coolant temperature of 9�C, and a crystallization time of 40 min. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.