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International Review on Modelling and Simulations  Vol. 5 N. 4---- Part A

International Review on Modelling and Simulations  Vol. 5 N. 4---- Part B

 

 

go to top    International Review on Modelling and Simulations (Vol. 5 N. 4)  - August 2012 - Papers (Part A)

 

 

 

go to top    International Review on Modelling and Simulations (Vol. 5 N. 4)  - August 2012 - Papers (Part B)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

International Review on Modelling and Simulations - Papers (Part A)

 

 

go to top   Nine-Level SHE-PWM VSC Based STATCOM for VAR Compensation
         by Phee K. Jin, Mohamed Dahidah

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1375-1381

        

Abstract - The paper presents a nine-level selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHE-PWM) cascaded voltage source converter based STATCOM system. The structure allows direct connection to the grid without the need of any step-up transformers. The converter is controlled with the SHE-PWM technique which provides an elimination to lower order harmonics to improve output waveforms and furthermore, allowing the use of smaller filters. The control methods used for voltage, stress balance and dc voltage regulation are also described in the paper. The operations and the performance of the STATCOM for reactive power (VAR) compensation are validated by simulation studies using SIMULINK/MATLAB software which confirm the theoretical predictions.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords:  Multilevel Converter, Pulse Width Modulation, STATCOM, Selective Harmonic Elimination, Control.

 

 

go to top   Design and Implementation of Clocked Sequential Circuit to Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter
         by A. Rathinam, K. Ramani, T. Karthikeyan

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1382-1388

        

Abstract - This paper focused on the development of digital logic algorithm for generate the pulse width modulation and fed flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI). For improving the performance of flying capacitor multilevel inverter, a clocked sequential circuit has implemented. The proposed method has been designed a seven-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter and controlled by using digital logic devices. The clocked sequential circuit has been exposed to give superior performance in load voltage, total harmonics distortion and capacitor voltage fluctuation. The clocked sequential circuits based multilevel inverters offers several advantages like simplicity of control circuitry-level, simplicity of fault identification, low-cost, and less space and low power consumption. The performance of proposed strategy is confirmed through simulation investigations.
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Keywords:  Clocked Sequential Circuits, Total Harmonic Distortion, Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter, Pulse Width Modulation.

 

 

go to top   Modelling and Simulation of Non-Controlled and Controlled Rectifiers using Simulink
         by C. Batard, F. Poitiers, N. Ginot, C. Millet

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1389-1396

        

Abstract - This paper presents a simple and original method in order to simulate the behaviour of AC to DC converters with Matlab-Simulink. This approach takes into account overlap phenomenon, continuous and discontinuous conduction mode. The AC to DC converter is presented as a block (voltage input and voltage output) which can be inserted in a complex structure. The simplicity and the low computing-time of this method make it an interesting alternative to the Matlab’s Power-Systems toolbox and hybrid simulation with PSIM and Matlab. Simulations results for non-controlled and controlled converters are presented and compared to experimental results.
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Keywords:  AC/DC Conversion, Power Electronics Simulation, Matlab Simulink.

 

 

go to top   Voltage Regulation and Harmonic Reduction Using Multilevel Inverter as Series Active Filter
         by N.Chellammal, SubhransuSekar Dash, Ravitheja Gurram

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1397-1404

        

Abstract - This paper presents a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter based series active filter intended for installation on industrial and utility power distribution systems. The control strategy based on Synchronous Reference Frame theory is designed so that the voltage injected by active filter is able to mitigate the voltage sag, imbalance in the source voltage and reduce the harmonic content. The active power filter which can be used under the condition of voltage sag and unbalanced or distorted source voltages can compensate the harmonics, reactive and negative sequence currents.Simulations have been carried out on MATLAB/Simulink platform with various types of loads. The analysis and simulation results under balanced, unbalanced load, three phase faulty condition and dynamic loading are presented in this paper.
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Keywords: Series Active Filter, Multilevel Inverter, Three Phase Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter, Synchronous Reference Frame Theory, Harmonic Distortion, Voltage Regulation.

 


go to top   Real Time Implementation of Svpwm in Labview for Pv Based Multilevel Inverter
         by S. Mallika, R. Saravana Kumar

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1405-1415

        

Abstract - This paper proposes a space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique for a three-phase three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter which is used in a photovoltaic system. The system comprises a photovoltaic array, DC/DC converter, DC/AC inverter and load. The SVPWM can very much increase the obtainable DC voltage utilization ratio and a better total harmonic distortion (THD) factor as compared to other pulse width modulation techniques. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is utilized to obtain a suitable buck and boost, high efficiency and minimum ripple voltage necessary for residential power production applications, grid / standalone or any other system. The proposed method is simulated using MATLAB/simulink. Experiments using LabVIEW DAQ card validate the simulation results. 
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Keywords: PV Array, DC-DC Converter, SVPWM, Multilevel Inverter, Total Harmonic Distortion.

 


go to top   Simulation of a New Forward Converter Using SDSR Technology with High Efficiency
         by Mahmood Azari, Majid Delshad, Ebrahim Borzabadi

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1416-1421

        

Abstract - In this study, a new forward converter with self driven synchronous rectification (SDSR) with high efficiency and low output voltage has been introduced. In the proposed converter, soft switching conditions (ZCS turn on and ZVS turn off) for main switch, via an auxiliary circuit is provided. However, auxiliary circuit does not use any extra switch and as a result, extra driver is not needed. Since the number of turns of auxiliary transformer is very low , so does not impose high conductive loss of the proposed converter and in output circuit the two side transistors switch with very low conductive loss are used and also soft switching condition are prepared for them. The converter is controlled by PWM (pulse width modulation) and as a result, implementing its control circuit is very simple. To confirm theoretical analysis, the introduced converter has been simulated by Pspice.
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Keywords: Forward Converter, Soft Switching, Self Driven Synchronous Rectifier, Zero-Current Switching (ZCS), Zero-Voltage Switching (ZVC).

 

 

go to top   Automatic Power Factor Correction Using a modified Statcom as a Continuously Controlled Capacitive Static VAR Compensator
         by Abdulkareem Mokif Obais, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1422-1428

        

Abstract - In this paper an automatic power factor correction system based on a new vision to statcom concept is presented. The reactive component of the load current is supplied by a statcom built of a halt-bridge voltage source inverter feeding a reactor and shunted by two dc capacitors. The passive components and control scheme of this configuration are approached in such a manner that the devised statcom behaves as pure capacitive impedance. The control strategy is based on governing the statcom current by its modulation index, while the passive components are designed such that all harmonic current harmonics are suppressed by the statcom reactor. The modulation index is controlled linearly by a precision gain-controlled linear amplifier which is specifically designed for this compensator and directly controlled by the load reactive current component. Modeling and performance of the proposed system was verified on PSpice.
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Keywords:  Compensator, Power Factor, Power Quality, Reactive Power, Statcom.

 

 

go to top   Comparative Study on Carrier over Lapping Bipolar PWM Strategies for Three Phase Five Level Diode Clamped Inverter
         by C.R.Balamurugan, S.P.Natarajan, R.Bensraj

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1429-1438

        

Abstract - This paper presents the comparison of Carrier Overlapping Pulse Width Modulation (COPWM) techniques for Diode Clamped Multi Level Inverter (DCMLI). The DCMLI is controlled with Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) technique, Third Harmonic Injection (THI) PWM technique, Sixty degree PWM and Stepped wave techniques with Carrier Overlapping (CO). The variation of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in the output is observed for various modulation indices. Simulation is performed using MATLAB-SIMULINK. It is observed that COPWM-C strategy provides output with relatively low distortion for all the four strategies developed. It is also found that lowest distortion exists for stepped wave reference with COPWM-C carrier. COPWM-A is also found to perform better since it provides relatively higher fundamental RMS output voltage for all the four references. De distortion exists for stepped wave reference with COPWM-C carrier. COPWM-A is also found to perform better since it provides relatively higher fundamental RMS output voltage for all the four references. Depending on the performance measure required in a particular application of chosen MLI, appropriate PWM strategies may be employed.
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Keywords:  THD, DCMLI, Stepped, THIPWM, 60 degree PWM, COPWM.

 

 

go to top   A New Method for Calculating the Reference Current of Shunt Active Power Filters Based on Recursive Discrete Fourier Transform
         by H. R. ImaniJajarmi, A. Mohamed, H. Shareef, Subiyanto

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1439-1446

        

Abstract - This paper presents a new method based on the fundamental active current component determined from a recursive discrete Fourier transform block. The reference source current and the reference compensating current for shunt active power filters is calculated based on this method to eliminate harmonics, compensate the reactive power of the three-phase diode bridge rectifier with RL load, and to increase power quality. An interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller is used to maintain the DC-link voltage at the reference value. The proposed method is presented and applied to the control system of the voltage source shunt active power filter to evaluate its performance.The results are compared with p-q theory of other reference generation methods.The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of this method in reducing total harmonic distortion and reactive power.
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Keywords: Shunt Active Power Filter, Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller, Reference Source Current,Recursive Discrete Fourier Transform, Non-Linear Load.

 

 

go to top   Simulation of a New Zero Voltage Switching High Voltage Gain Converter
         by Rasol Sareban, Majid Delshad, Ebrahim Borzabadi

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1447-1453

        

Abstract - In this paper, a new soft switching PWM converter with active clamp circuit and high voltage gain is proposed. The active clamp circuit in this converter provides soft switching conditions for both main and auxiliary switches. All switches are PWM controlled which simplifies the control implementation. The principle of operation and system analysis are presented. The simulation results obtained from the proposed converter verifies the theoretical analysis.
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Keywords:  Boost Converter, Cascade Connection, Zero-Voltage-Switching.

 

 

go to top   Neuro-Evolutionary Controller for Performance Enhancement of a Single Phase Inverter
         by Shubhangi S. Ambekar, Madhuri A. Chaudhari

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1454-1459

        

Abstract - Power Electronic inverters generate harmonics, which cause trouble in Induction motor operation. 3rd harmonic, comparable to fundamental voltage, gets eliminated in 3Φ circuit; however, remains active in 1Φ circuits. Lower order harmonic elimination from inverter output is a critical problem and continuous work is still undergoing on this topic. The work presented here, deals with reduction of harmonics order, 3rd-11th, in output voltage of 1Φ inverter by MPM technique for Selective Harmonic Elimination method (SHEM). Conventional method of Newton-Raphson cannot give accurate pulse-positions as non-linearity is involved in computation of transcendental equations. In this paper, a Neuro-Evolutionary controller is designed for determination of trigger Pulse positions for Harmonic minimization and fundamental voltage maximization in 1Φ inverter output voltage. A significant improvement is observed in output voltage spectrum if pulses are generated at positions given by controller. Device ratings for the inverter get reduced resulting in reduction of equipment cost. MATLAB simulation shows that running performance of 1Φ Induction motor improves and torque can be controlled as per requirements. This can make the cheap 1Φ IM to conveniently replace costly PMAC motors in commercial appliances. This shows feasibility of design of a controller for performance enhancement of a single phase VSI.
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Keywords:  Controller, Evolutionary Programming, Harmonic Reduction, Neural Network, Single Phase Inverter.

 

 

go to top   Energy Balance of Optimized High Voltage Power Supply for Microwaves Generators Used in Various Industrial Applications
         by A.Belhaiba, M.Ould.Ahmedou, M.Chraygane, M.Ferfra, N. Elghazal

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1460-1469

 

         This paper deals with the energetic balance of a new optimized power supply for microwaves generators, such as those found in different industrial applications, through the use the model of the transformer with EMTP code (ElectroMagnetic Transients Program). In this article we will validate the functioning of the current power supply by comparing the forms of waves obtained by EMTP with those obtained by the experiment. Then, we will establish an energetic balance of the current power supply by computing its performance. We will define a strategy of optimization aims at restricting the study of the effect of simultaneous variation of pertinent parameters on the magnetron current. This will lead to find an optimized solution of the transformer. The later, with reduced volume, weight, and therefore cost, will make the power supply more economical. The conception of this new power supply uses a transformer originating from the optimized solution, which will supply a voltage doublers and current stabilizer. This doubler, in turn, will supply one single magnetron. In order to make the saving of weight and volume effective, it’s compulsory to keep an energy performance almost identical to that found in the power supply currently used. In other words, to have a magnetron functioning in its maximum power, an average power close to 1220watts will be needed. In addition so as to protect the magnetron from possible high voltage variation line (Imax <1.2A), the regulation process of the magnetron current has been checked up.
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Keywords: Energy Balance, Performance, EMTP, Modeling, Optimization, Power Supply.

 

 

go to top   Operation of Three-Phase Induction Motor with Line to Ground Fault at its Terminal
         by VK. P. Basu, Stella Morris, Moleykutty George

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1470-1474

        

Abstract - Single line to ground fault at any terminal of a three-phase induction motor blows out the fuse of the faulted phase to disconnect the voltage supply of that phase but the open conductor may remain grounded at the fault point. The motor gets a two-phase supply with the healthy phases connected to the two terminals of the supply while the third terminal of the motor is grounded. Very high negative sequence current is produced at all values of slip. Difference in the magnitudes of current in the three input terminals is small and the single phasing protection fails to operate. In the normal single-phasing condition the open terminal remains isolated from ground.
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Keywords: 3-Phase Induction Motor, LG Fault at any Terminal, Negative Sequence Current, Protection against Single Phasing.

 

 

go to top   Modeling Methodology in View of Predicting Desynchronized Multi-Alternators Behavior in Embarked Network
         by L. Abdeljalil, M. Aït-Ahmed, M. F. Benkhoris

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1475-1485

        

Abstract - This paper deals with an approach of modeling and simulation for multi-alternators system in embarked electrical network. The system is constituted by various alternators defined as generator or receptor with strong interactions and its components can be linear or not. The constraint of the simulator building is reproducing alternators coupling behavior, in embedded network, as precisely as needed with a reduced computing time. The proposed modeling methodology allows simulating desynchronized alternators. The software benchmark developed under Matlab/Simulink is a powerful tool able to predict the system dynamic behavior in both transient and steady states. The proposed methodology is illustrated thanks to an example of all electrical ship embarked network.
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Keywords:  Embarked Electrical Network, Variable Topology, Dynamic Modeling, Computation Time Optimization, Simulation, Alternators Desynchronization.

 

 

go to top   Condition Assessment of Power Transformers- Logical Process of Decision Making to Successful Diagnosis
         by Hormatollah Firoozi, Z. Rahimpour

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1486-1490

        

Abstract - Power transformers are one of the most important and vital apparatus in power plants, transmission lines and distribution networks which any failures into these elements directly reduce network reliability and increase maintenance costs. Consequently, condition monitoring, fault diagnosis and maintenance of power transformers are increasingly developed. Having a systematic manner and specified framework is the most important requirement to reach a successful fault diagnosis. This paper is focused on how to deal with the problem and how to make decisions facing with a suspected transformer. In this regard, available requirements and assessment methods for monitoring and maintenance of transformers are described and classified briefly. Afterwards, field experiences on a 230/63kV, 125 MVA power transformer are represented. Applied manners and corresponding decisions can be valuable and helpful for the engineers who work on power transformers.
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Keywords:  Power Transformer, Fault Diagnosis, Transformer Tensions.

 

 

go to top   Sensorless Control of Two Mechanical Coupled BLDC Motors for Enhancement of Electrical Drives Efficiency
         by M. Jafarboland, M. R. Rahmati

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1491-1499

        

Abstract - Maximum efficiency of a conventional electric motor normally takes place near its rated load and its efficiency decreases as the motor load reduces. So for the applications such as the submarine propeller systems in which the motor output power and its speed vary over a wide range, the motor efficiency decreases significantly at low speeds. As we will show in the section III, by the help of a design in which one large brushless dc (BLDC) motor is replaced by two BLDC motors with different rated powers, the efficiency can be improved. When these two BLDC motors are mechanically coupled, due to different characteristics of the motors and also sensorless control of them, a complex controller is required to control this two-input/two-output system in which we wish to adjust the desired speed and simultaneously share the variable load between the motors. To realize this controller, it is shown that the controller can considerably be simplified by separation of this MIMO system into two SISO systems and also selecting a proper sensorless control algorithm for correct driving of the BLDC motors. Finally it is shown that we can propose a stable sensorless controller -that improves the efficiency of electrical drives- by using these simplified controller and sensorless control algorithm.
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Keywords:  Current Commutation, Flux Linkage, Propulsion System, Sensorless Control.

 

 

go to top   Study and Simulation of PMBLDC Motors as the Proper Choice for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
         by M. Ebadian, V. Mowlaie, F. Shafiee ,M. Farshad, M. MirSeyedi Anbaran

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1500-1509

        

Abstract - Electric Motor Drive is considered as the most important part of the Electric Propulsion System in manufacturing of EVs and HEVs. So, appropriate selection of electric motor drive in addition to achieving the ideal and proper vehicle, we can use the energy sources perfectly. One of the main problems of the EVs and HEVs is the unsuitable performance of the electric motor in electric propulsion system of these vehicles. This article, with the aim of EVs and HEVs technology development, has addressed these problem by selecting and utilizing the proper electric motor. Investigations which have been carried out in this paper are based on the comparisons between structure and performance of four different types of electric motors including: DC Motors, Induction Motors, Switched Reluctance Motors, and Permanent Magnet Brushless Motors. In these comparisons by investigating some of essential characteristics, including: starting torque, power density, over loading tolerate, regenerative braking capability and etc, the PMBLDC motors are selected as the better choice for utilizing in the electric propulsion system. Finally, the performance of this motor for the Extra Urban Driving Cycle and Emission Certification of light duty vehicles in Europe which called EUDC+ECE driving cycle, and three speed and torque profile which have various conditions, has been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink.
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Keywords:  Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Electric Motor, PM BLDC, Electric Propulsion System.

 

 

go to top   Control the Flywheel Storage System by Fuzzy Logic Associated with the Wind Generator
         by F. Bouchafaa, I. Hamzaoui

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1510-1516

        

Abstract - Conversion system of wind energy has become a focal point in the search for renewable energy sources. This article then exhibits a study of the overall operation of a wind generator to provide a constant power or variable the consumer demand while providing services system. In order to provide system services, we consider a variable speed wind turbine coupled to a double-fed induction generator (DFIG) combined with energy storage system. We consider the Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) based on fuzzy logic controlled by IM. Due to the use of power converters, the double fed induction generator and the storage system are electrically coupled by a DC bus. Simulation results showing the benefits of using energy storage.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords:  Wind Energy, Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), Induction Machine (IM), Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC).

 

 

go to top   Extension of Architecture of Single-Pulse Controller to Drive Linear Switched Reluctance Motor
         by S. Darabi, Y. Alinejad-Beromi

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1517-1523

        

Abstract - In this study, the performance of longitudinal flux linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) using an extension in the aarchitecture of single-pulse controller is analysed. In proposed method, a controller is implemented and the duty cycle is used for two series converters. LSRM using extension method according to Matlab results has the smooth current profile. The smooth current increases the instantaneous driving force of LSRM. The peak value of the current decreases using the proposed method so the primary core of LSRM is saturated at higher load. The proposed method improves the speed characteristic of the motor, smooths the current profile and enhances the mechanical performance of LSRM.
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Keywords:  Linear Switched Reluctance Motor, Longitudinal Flux, Architecture Of Single-Pulse Controller.

 

 

go to top   Electric Vehicle Powertrain Analysis: Comparison between PMSM and HESM
         by I. Ben Salah, M. Chabchoub, R. Neji, D. Diallo

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1524-1531

        

Abstract - Autonomy is one of the key points for the electric vehicles commercial success. One of the solutions is to reduce the electric powertrain consumption by the efficiency improvement. This paper presents a comparative study between a powertrain driven by a standard Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive and a Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Motor (HESM) one. Simulation results for an urban cycle prove that the HESM drive has lower copper losses (thanks to the optimization of the flux through the DC excitation current), therefore a better efficiency is obtained.
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Keywords: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Motor, Electric Vehicle, Efficiency, Copper Losses, Vector Control.

 

 

go to top   Modified Gibbs Sampler Procedure for Bearing-Only Multitarget Tracking
         by Meysam R. Danaee, Fereidoon Behnia

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1532-1540

        

Abstract - While Probabilistic MHT (PMHT) highly reduces computational burden by avoiding enumeration of all possible data association events, its implementation still suffers from intractable manifold integrals. MCMC particle filters, rendering the task of PMHT implementation, found it difficult to face with both data association uncertainty and violations of the presumptions of no more than one measurement could be assigned to a target at each time step. Coping with these difficulties, we suggest a modified Gibbs sampling approach that utilizes current measurement information efficiently to estimate PMHT parameters recursively. We use scenarios of Bearing-Only multi-target tracking to compare our proposed method with the famous counterpart Gibbs sampler method.
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Keywords:  Probabilistic MHT, Modified Gibbs Sampler, Bearing-Only Multi-Target Tracking, Gaussian Approximate to the Optimal Proposal Density.

 


go to top   Effect of Image Charges and Dielectric Coating on Particle Trajectory in a 3-Phase Gas Insulated Busduct Using Charge Simulation Method
         by Narapareddy Rama Rao, J. Amarnath

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1541-1549

        

Abstract - This work analyses the effect of image charges and dielectric coating on metallic particle movement in a Three Phase Common Enclosure Gas Insulated Busduct(GIB) with electric field calculated using Charge Simulation Method(CSM). The presence of free metallic particles in GIB can result in loss of as much as 90% of the SF6 gas dielectric strength and can be a problem with Gas Insulated Substations(GIS) operating at high electric fields. A study of CIGRE group suggests that 20% of failures in GIS are due to the existence of various metallic contaminations in the form of loose particles. The purpose of this paper is to develop techniques for formulating the basic equations that will govern the movement of metallic particles in a dielectric coated/uncoated GIB. Numerical techniques have been developed to describe the effect of image charges and dielectric coating on the particle movement. The simulation has been carried out to obtain the particle trajectories at various voltages on Aluminium and Copper particles. From the results it is observed that in a Gas Insulated Busduct the maximum height reached by a free conducting particle without Image Charge Effect is less than with image charge effect and also observed that dielectric coating on enclosure improves the insulation performance by reducing the movement of free conducting particles. The results have been analyzed and presented in this paper.
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Keywords:  Three Phase Gas Insulated Busduct, Electric Field, Charge Simulation Method, Free Metallic Particles, Image Charges, Particle Movement.

 

 

go to top   The Same Phase Method to Suppress the Triple Transition Reflection of Littlewood-Paley Wavelet Transformation Device of SAW
         by Li Yuanyuan, Lu Wenke, Zhao Chunfeng, Lei Yan

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1550-1554

        

Abstract - A Wavelet transformation (WT) device of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) technology is developed on the basis of acoustics, electronics, wavelet theory, applied mathematics and semiconductor planar technology. The Triple Transition Reflection (TTR) error is the primary reason for this kind of device. To suppress the TTR error, a mathematic model of Littlewood-paley wavelet was established first in this paper, which is matched with the model of SAW. Using same phase method to design IDT of Littlewood-paley WT device of SAW in L-edit software, the TTR error can be reduced. 
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords: Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW), Interdigital Transducer (IDT), Triple Transition Reflection (TTR) Littlewood-paley WT, L-edit Software.

 


go to top   Modeling Input Data Classes of the Building Energy Simulation Program EnergyPlus with Scenarios and Hierarchical Colored Petri­Nets
         by Abdeldjebbar Bachkhaznadji, Azeddine Belhamri

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1555-1532

        

Abstract - This paper addresses the problem of modeling input data classes of the input data dictionary (IDD) file of the Building energy simulation program EnergyPlus. Our endeavor is to provide an easy way for elaborating a behavior specifications of an interactive user interface intended for input data of the IDD file, using hierarchical colored Petri nets. The modeling approach used in this work comprises two levels of abstraction: the use case level corresponding to the use case diagram model as defined in the unified modeling language (UML) and the scenario level as refinement of the former one. The color aspect of Petri-nets is used at the scenario level to preserve the independence of several scenarios after their integration. The benefit of the approach consists in the structuring of the scenario acquisition and the approach of merging scenarios using composite color sets.
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Keywords: EnergyPlus, IDD File, Scenarios, UML, Colored Petri-nets.

 

 

go to top   A CMOS Interface Circuit Design for a 32-level Resolution Light Sensor
         by Israel Yohannes, Maher Assaad, Nor Hisham B. Hamid

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1563-1568

        

Abstract - A new design of interface circuit for CMOS Light sensor for pH monitoring applications is presented here. The proposed design is useful to read color (wavelength) values with the help of a photodiode and outputs a digital word representing the color value. It operates by continuously comparing analog voltage output from an optical transducer against a pre-stored reference levels in two cascaded stages.The design provides few advantages such as faster speed; less power consumption; higher resolution with smaller number of storage units; and small area for on-chip integration. A simulation result implementing 32 levels of resolution is presented.
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Keywords: CMOS, Light Sensor, 2-Stage Interface Design, 32-Level Resolution.

 

 

go to top   Combining Coverability and Invariants to Diagnose Multiple Faults in Discrete-Event Systems
         by Imtiez Fliss, Moncef Tagina

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1569-1579

        

Abstract - In this paper, we focus on on-line multiple faults diagnosis in discrete event-systems modeled by Petri nets (that can be bounded or unbounded as well). We assume that both places and transitions faults can occur. The proposed solution consists in defining a state vector, which components are the system places and transitions. This state vector sums up the state of each component whether it is faulty or normally functioning. To get this result, we were initially based on the construction of coverability trees to which, we integrate the use of invariant notions (T-invariants and P-invariants). This approach gives promising diagnosis results. Nevertheless, it causes a storage complexity problem affecting the diagnosis duration. Thus, we propose an improvement of this approach by diagnosing multiple faults using the combination of the coverability sets instead of coverability trees and invariant notions. To discuss the effectiveness of the proposed approaches, we rely on the simulation of the three-tank hydraulic system.
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Keywords: Multiple Faults Diagnosis, Petri Nets, Coverability Tree, Coverability Set, T-Invariant, P-Invariant.

 

 

go to top   Prediction of Centrifugal Compressor Performance by Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)
         by Layth H. Jawad, S. Abdullah, R. Zulkifli, W. M. F. W. Mahmood

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1580-1587

        

Abstract - Adaptive neuro- Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was used to predict the efficiency of a small modified centrifugal compressor. Data were generated from earlier studies which were obtained from a three dimensional, steady state and turbulent flow by using a CFD analyse on aerodynamic flow field characteristics. Equations were analysed using finite volume method. The results obtained from numerical solutions were used for training and testing the (ANFIS). In this paper, is the use adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) approach is developed a performance prediction method of centrifugal compressor, to use it as performance predictor. A comparison was performed among the ANFIS method and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) code. It is observed that the ANFIS method can be used to predict the performance and gives more significant value to actual value, moreover; the computation time, memory space and effort were reduced.
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Keywords:  ANFIS, Centrifugal Compressor, Performance Prediction, CFD.

 

 

go to top   Computations of Pollutant Dispersion in Coastal Waters of Tangier’s Bay
         by A. Amahmouj, Em. Chaabelasri, N. Salhi

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1588-1595

        

Abstract - This article describes a pollutant dispersion and transport in the large domain such as Tangier’s bay by a model of pollutant transport by shallow water flows on non-flat topography that are numerically solved using a finite volume scheme. The method uses unstructured meshes, incorporates upwinded numerical fluxes and slope limiters to provide sharp resolution of steep bathymetric gradients that may form in the approximate solution. To evaluate the numerical flux we use the Roe approximate Riemann solver with centered discretization for advection terms and the Vazquez scheme for source terms. The scheme is non-oscillatory and possesses conservation property that conserves the pollutant mass during the transport process. The evaluation using an imaginary test shows that the implementation makes a good usage of the computational resources, the results indicate also that this simple approach can be very effective in modeling pollutant transport in coastal regions.
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Keywords:  Convection-Advection Equations, Pollutant Dispersion, Shallow Water Equations, Tangiers’s Bay.

 

 

go to top   Removal of Chromium (III) by Complexation-Ultrafiltration: Experimental and Calculation Approach of Complexation Reaction
         by F. Balaska, M. Bencheikh-Lehocine, M. Chikhi, A - H. Meniai

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1596-1602

        

Abstract - A process for purifying aqueous solutions containing heavy and toxic metals such as chromium has been investigated. Hexavalent chromium compound is present at high concentration in the shovels and cranes factory, it is used in the electrodeposition container; after its reduction by sodium bisulfites it changes into trivalent chromium. The present work deals with the investigation and optimization of chromium (III) ions removal from aqueous solutions by complexation enhanced ultrafiltration using experimental and calculation approach; diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) has been used as chelating agent for Chromium (III) complexation; in the first part the study of experimental optimum conditions of complexation reaction is carried out; the second one the calculation of optimum pH, initial concentration of chelating agent and the influence of chromium hydroxides forms on complexation reaction using MATLAB language has been determined. Its shown that the Complexation reaction is favoured at pH equal to 5.1, at excess EDTA concentration ([EDTA]0=0.095 M for [Cr(III)]0=0.003M), at ordinary temperature (T=20°C), and 600 tr/min for agitation, trivalent chromium concentration at solution increases with ionic strengths, it also increases with high CaCO3 values. The calculated pH, initial concentration of ligand and presence of chromium hydroxides forms shows a little variation with experimental ones.
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Keywords: Trivalent Chromium, Complexation, EDTA, Ultrafiltration, MATLAB.

 

 

International Review on Modelling and Simulations - Papers (Part B)

 

 

go to top   Performance Comparison of Genetic Alorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization Based Techniques for Power System Voltage Stability Problem Using Facts Devices
         by S. Rajasekaran, S. Muralidharan, V. A. Preethi

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1603-1611

        

Abstract - In a Power system, minimization of transmission line losses is an important issue. Since it is a necessary condition for the Power systems being operated closer to their stability limits, voltage stability enhancement is very important in planning and operations of the Power systems. With increased demand for electricity, voltage stability is a major concern for the last two decades. Installation of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices on the transmission system improves the stability of the system and also reduces the losses in the system. This necessitates the identification of optimal location and operating requirement of the FACTS devices in order to maintain the bus voltages at the desired levels and to improve the voltage stability margins. In this paper, a performance analysis has been made and compared in between Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization, which are used in selecting the optimal location and operating requirements of FACTS devices like SVC,TCSC and UPFC. Loss minimization and voltage stability enhancement are the two different objective functions to be evaluated in this proposed approach. IEEE 14 bus, IEEE 30 bus and IEEE 57 bus systems are being taken as test systems to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed system. Results from GA and PSO are compared with the test results showing that PSO is more effective than GA.
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Keywords:  FACTS controllers, Stability margin, Voltage collapse, Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization.

 

 

go to top   A Review of UPFC and a Novel FACTS Controller for Voltage Stability Enhancements in Power Systems
         by M. Arun Bhaskar, C. Subramani Chinnamuthu, Subhransu Sekhar Dash

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1612-1619

        

Abstract - FLEXIBLE AC transmission systems (FACTS) have been developed for better control of electric power flow through the efficient utilization of existing transmission lines. In its most exotic form, the unified power-flow controller (UPFC) is a FACTS controller consisting of power-electronic components that can be employed for controlling the magnitude and phase angle of the line voltage and the line impedance simultaneously. However, excessive installation and operating costs do not justify widespread use of such a controller. To address this issue, the designing of converter-less FACTS device has been introduced. This converter less FACTS device has been designed using the traditional technology of transformer and taps, commonly known as “SEN” Transformer. The ST uses time-tested components, such as transformers and tap changers, and injects a voltage of variable magnitude and phase angle, such as a UPFC, in series with the transmission line, thereby regulating the active and reactive power flow in the line independently. A three bus 230kv transmission line is taken as reference for the digital simulation.
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Keywords:  FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems), Converter-Less FACTS Controller, UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller), ST (SEN Transformer), Voltage Stability.

 

 

go to top   Optimal Allocation of Machines and Buffers in Transfer Line-Flow Systems under Reliability-Space and Cost Constraints
         by Abdellah Laoufi, Abdelkader Zeblah, Boumediène Allaoua

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1620-1627

        

Abstract - The problem of the optimal performance design of manufacturing system where redundant machines and buffers are included in order to achieve desired levels of performance rate is considered. A procedure which determines the maximum performance configuration subject to reliability, cost and space of buffer constraints is proposed. In this procedure, system machines and specific buffers are chosen from a list of available product and a number of machines are determined for each system component with their buffers spaces allocation. Machines are characterized by their cost, failure rate, repaired rate and processing time. Buffers are characterized by their cost and space or (size). To estimate production line transfer performance, a decomposition-type method is used. A list of available product on the market characterizes specific space buffers and machines with their characteristics are available. The optimal design problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization where the decision variables are size or space buffers allocations and kind of machine as redundant components. A universal generating function technique is applied to evaluate system availability.
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Keywords: Manufacturing System, Performance Evaluation, Optimal Performance Design, Space Buffers Allocation, Universal Generating Function.

 

 

go to top   Fuzzy Controller Based Design to Improve Transient Stability for STATCOM
         by P. K. Dhal, C. Christober Asir Rajan

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1628-1633

        

Abstract - This paper presents a fuzzy controller for static synchronous static Time critical error and better damping system oscillations after a short circuit fault is presented. To achieve this idea, a controller is designed based on energy function lyapunov, to overcome the system and due complexity of computing a fuzzy neural controller is recommended. Here a membership function identifies the fuzzy system. Fuzzy control is employed to the system for enhancing transient stability. The performance is analyzed using digital simulation with single machine infinite bus (SMIB).
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Keywords: Lyapunov Energy Function, Fuzzy, STATCOM, Transient Stability.

 

 

go to top   Probability of Transition to Ageing Failure Based on Usage History of Distribution Transformers
         by S. M. Mousavi Agah, A. Abbasi

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1634-1639

        

Abstract - The methods of asset management have been traditionally based on average historical data about the expected life time and ageing failure probability of typical types of power system components. However, such data cannot reflect the impact that usage history of the components, such as their historical loading profile, may have on their ageing failure probability and their expected life time. This paper presents a methodology to investigate the impact that historical loading profile of distribution transformers may have on their ageing failure probability. Extensive research data has been used to obtain quantitative results for realistic test cases of distribution transformers serving residential, commercial and office building consumers. The obtained results can provide useful information for distribution network operators to understand possible risk of component ageing failure in real-time operation and to make important asset management decisions.
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Keywords: Distribution Transformer, Power Distribution, Power System Ageing.

 

 

go to top   A Reliability Based Multi-Objective Formulation for Optimal PMU Placement
         by V. Khiabani, R. Kavasseri, K. Farahmand

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1640-1644

 

Abstract - This paper presents a method to simultaneously maximize reliability while minimizing the cost of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) for full Observability in power systems. The formulation incorporates the reliability of individual PMUs and finds a placement that is optimal cost-wise while exceeding a specified level of system-wide reliability. This multi-objective problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming model and solved for the IEEE 14, 30, 57 and 118 bus test systems. The results show that traditional optimal cost only PMU placement formulations achieve a system reliability of ~0.5 which is improved to 0.9 with the proposed formulation.
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Keywords:  Multi-Objective Optimization, Nonlinear Programming, Phasor Measurement Units, Power System Observability, Reliability Modeling.

 

 

go to top   Electromagnetic Force in Vertical and Horizontal Arrangement of Busbar System under Short-Circuit Current
         by Farhana Mohamad Yusop, Mohamad Kamarol, Dahaman Ishak, Syafrudin Masri

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1645-1651

        

Abstract - Each conductor busbar is subjected to an electromagnetic force exerted by short-circuit currents. In this paper, the electromagnetic forces affected by the short-circuit current in rigid bare conductor busbars are calculated in the vertical and horizontal arrangement. Short-circuit current values are calculated mathematically by assuming that the peak value of steady-state AC current is equal to the peak value of the short-circuit current. The equation introduced by IEC Standard 865/1993 is applied to calculate short-circuit electromagnetic forces. The force generated in the vertical arrangement is compared with that generated in the horizontal arrangement. Results show that the busbar in the vertical arrangement has an electromagnetic force that is two times higher than that of the busbar in the horizontal arrangement. The calculation result is compared with the simulation result, which is obtained by applying Maxwell stress method in Opera-2D. The dimensional configuration of the busbar system visibly influences the strength of the electromagnetic force given the short-circuit current. Maximum electromagnetic force decreases about 4%–7% because of the increasing configuration of the busbar arrangement in the thickness or central distance between the conductors. Furthermore, the electromagnetic force determined by finite element simulation agrees with that derived using IEC Standard 865/1993.
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Keywords:  Busbar, Maximum Electromagnetic Forces, Short-circuit Current.

 

 

go to top   Performance Comparison of a New Compensator Based on Magnetically Controlled Reactor and Static Var Compensator (SVC)
         by R. Ghanizadeh, M. Ebadian, M. A. Golkar

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1652-1663

        

Abstract - With the need for the transmission of large amount of power over long distances, there has been a greatly increased demand for reactive power compensators to regulate and stabilize transmission voltage. Static Var Compensators (SVC), are compensators capable of absorbing and injecting reactive power from/to a network. But, they produce harmonic currents, which cause poor power quality. Also, they have higher maintenance costs and need to have more space for installation. A new type of reactive power compensator based on Magnetically Controlled Reactor (MCR) which has a high saturation in the magnetic circuit with optimal magnetic and electrical circuit parameters that ensures less than 2-3% of total harmonic distortion even without special filters installation. The response of a SVC in voltage regulation to the voltage variations in a transmission line is faster than that of an MCR-based compensator. Although, an MCR-based compensator can be designed to respond like a SVC in as short as 0.02 sec, the price of MCR-based compensator depends on its response time. In high voltage transmission lines, voltage variations are not sudden, so the slow response of the MCR-based compensator with respect to the SVC is not important. The main objective of this article is to compare an MCR-based compensator and Static Var Compensator (SVC) from a transient behavior point of view, and a detailed model of a magnetically controlled reactor and capacitor banks installations is used to illustrate the ideas presented throughout the article.
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Keywords:  Magnetically Controlled Reactor, Static Var Compensator, MCR-Based Compensator.

 

 

go to top   Power Quality in Practice, Analysis of Power Quality and Available Solutions
         by Alena Otcenasova, Juraj Altus, Peter Bracinik

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1664-1671

        

Abstract - Nowadays we are often confronted with the declined quality of electricity. Problem of the power factor compensation with increased incidence of harmonic currents is discussed in this article. Article contains a recommendation for application of unprotected compensation device, protected compensation device or filtering-compensation device according to total harmonic distortion at the connecting point. Also a practical measurement and simulation experiment verifying analyzed problem are mentioned.
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Keywords:  Power Quality, Power Factor, Unprotected Compensation Device, Filtering-Compensation Device.

 

 

go to top   Comparison of FACTS Device Installation in Power Transmission System
         by S. A. Jumaat, I. Musirin, M. M. Othman, H. Moklis

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1672-1678

        

Abstract - Mechanism of power system operations become more complex due to the increasing load demand and which lead to increased pressure and high risk to the transmission line. Therefore power system operation and stability become less safe due to unexpected congestion and voltage violations. In additional, new transmission line is considered one of the solutions to provide a stable operation it is more secure to the power system. However it is more expensive and time consuming which also need to address the political and environmental issues. One of the alternatives which can be employed is the use of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS). This paper presents a study on optimal location and sizing of FACTS device based on Particle Swarm Optimization for minimization of transmission losses, voltage profile improvement which takes into account cost of installation. In this study, Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) are chosen as the compensation device. Validation through the implementation on the IEEE 30-bus system indicated that PSO is feasible to achieve the task. In simulation results are compared with those obtained from Evolutionary Programming (EP) and Artificial Immune System (AIS) technique in the attempt to highlight its merit. 
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Keywords:  FACTS Devices, Particle Swarm Optimization, Transmission Loss, Minimization, Static Var Compensator, Optimal Location, Optimal Sizing.
 

 

go to top   Effect of Static and Dynamic Load model on Dynamic Stability of Distribution Network with Fixed and Variable Speed Wind Farm: A Bifurcation Analysis
         by Abdelaziz Saidi, Chokri Bouchoucha

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1679-1689

        

Abstract - Load representation has a significant impact on power system analysis and control results. In this paper, the interaction between static load, motor load and wind farm connected to a distribution network is described in the context of bifurcation analysis. The wind farm is represented considers both constant speed and variable speed inductions generators. Motor loads are assessed with respect to their mechanical loads. The network is represented by three models: a differential equations model (ODE), a differential-algebraic equations model (DAE) with a voltage dependent static load, and a DAE model with a fully dynamic load. A differential algebraic representation is developed; and the study is based on the determination of bifurcation points. The bifurcation analysis has indicated the occurrence of saddle-node and Hopf bifurcations. The bifurcation points indicated the load-generator dynamic interaction and the network permissible wind power penetration. Bifurcation analysis has shown the effect of the dynamic load on the dynamic stability of the network.
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Keywords:  Dynamic Stability, Bifurcation, Fixed Speed Induction Generator, Variable Speed Induction Generator, Static Load, Dynamic Load, Distribution Network.

 

 

go to top   Development of MATLAB/SIMULINK Models for PV and Wind Systems and Review on Control Strategies for Hybrid Energy Systems
         by T. Bogaraj, Dr. J. Kanakaraj

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1690-1700

        

Abstract -  Depletion of fossil fuel resources and environmental pollution caused by them necessitates alternate energy sources for electricity production. In the recent past renewable energy sources are considered as alternative for the fossil fuel energy sources. Photovoltaic and Wind are the more promising renewable energy sources and are widely used in many countries for standalone applications or connected to Utility Grid. The unpredictable pattern of natural resources requires combined utilization of these sources for providing uninterrupted and reliable power supply to the consumers. A MATLAB/SIMULINK model for 10 kW Solar PV system has been developed and its characteristics are presented. The characteristics of Wind turbine is also simulated and results are presented. Further this paper presents the review of current state of control strategies for hybrid energy system in standalone mode and grid connected mode. Also the future developments of such system and their recognition by the industrial and home users are discussed.
 Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords:  Energy Management, Hybrid Power Systems, MPPT, Power Conversion, Solar Energy, Wind Energy.

 

 

go to top   Enhancement of Transient Stability Limit Using Fuzzy Controlled TCSC
         by Ch. Rambabu, Y. P. Obulesh, Ch. SaiBabu

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1701-1709

        

Abstract - Accurate analysis of the transient stability requires the detailed modeling of generating units and other equipment. At present, the most practical available method of transientstability analysis is time-domain simulation in which the nonlinear differential equations are solved by R.K. fourth order method or network reduction techniques. In general rotor angle stability is taken as index, but the concept of transient stability, which is the function of operating condition and disturbances deals with the ability of the system to remain intact after beingsubjected to abnormal deviations. In this paper, the transient stability assessment of WSCC-9 bus system is carried out for three phase fault of self clearing type at different fault locations. TCSC controller has been modeled and implemented on the WSCC-9 bus system at the optimal location. The effective location of TCSC for different faults locations is obtained by performing trajectory sensitivity analysis with respect to clearing time. The case studies depict the optimal location of fixed compensation in the WSCC- 9 bus system, based on the stability index (ETA). Further, a fuzzy controlled TCSC has been implemented on WSCC-9 bus system to improve stability of system. The fuzzy controlled TCSC is observed to perform better, compared to conventional PI controller.
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Keywords:  Transient Stability, Trajectory Sensitivity Analysis, Stability Index, Fuzzy Controller, TCSC.

 

 

go to top   SVM based Hysteresis Current Controller for DSTATCOM using Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory
           by K . Murugesan, S. Vijayenthiran, J. B. Mervin, Ranganath Muthu

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1710-1716

        

Abstract - A Distribution STATCOM (DSTATCOM) is a shunt compensation device used for reactive power compensation. It can be used either in the power factor correction mode or in the voltage regulation mode. In this paper, a vector based hysteresis current controller (HCC) for DSTATCOM, operated in the power factor correction mode, is implemented. The control law is derived based on generalized instantaneous reactive power theory. The controller uses errors in current represented in stationary α-β frame, multi-level hysteresis comparators and an associated lookup table to produce a switching pattern, which restricts the errors in currents to lie within a region. Extensive use of zero vectors has been made to reduce the switching frequency and switching losses. The control technique implemented does not require phase locked loop (PLL) to track the line frequency. The use of HCC makes the system robust, and hence independent of load parameter variation, with fast transient response. The performance of vector based HCC is studied in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and results obtained are satisfactory.
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Keywords:  DSTATCOM, Hysteresis Current Controller, Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory, Voltage Source Converter.

 

 

go to top   Security-Constrained Unit Commitment with Considering Demand Response with High Penetration of Wind Power
         by B. Karami

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1717-1724

        

Abstract - In recent years, restructuring vertical integration mechanism into free market system in most countries has growing trend. With restructuring in electricity industry, the philosophy of the system operation is changed. In new philosophy, for reliable operation of electricity systems, it is necessary to balance supply and demand. In restructured environment, Independent System Operator (ISO) for the balance, in addition to the use of energy resources, from cheap sources such as Demand Response (DR) uses. In this paper, the method of mitigate violations of demand and wind power is demand response programs. Because ISO runs constrained unit commitment (SCUC) for day-ahead market scheduling, so DR programs should be considered in SCUC problem. First, SCUC problem decomposed into the master unit commitment problem and subproblems using Bender Decomposition technique. The UC problem is solved in the master problem with the forecasted demand and wind power generation and this solving is checked for satisfying hourly network constraints. Next, net demand is used for considering wind power and demand uncertainties simultaneously. Scenarios of net demand are simulated with using Monte Carlo simulation technique. The scenario reduction technique is employed for the purpose of decreasing of computational requirement. The initial dispatch is checked in the feasibility check subproblem and generation redispatch and DR program are used for satisfying the early volatility of wind power and demand. If the redispatch and DR program failed to mitigate violations, Benders cuts are created and add to the master problem. The iterative process between the master problem and feasibility check subproblem will continue until optimal solution obtain. A six-bus system is used for testing the proposed algorithm and the associated results are analyzed.
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Keywords:  Security Constrained Unit Commitment, Wind Power and Demand Uncertainties, Demand Response.

 

 

go to top   Modeling and Simulation of PHEV As a Virtual UPQC Based on Vehicle to Grid Technology
         by M. Aryanezhad, M. Joorabian, E. Ostadaghaee

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1725-1732

        

Abstract - Power electronic-based FACTS devices like Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) can fulfil multiple power quality control objectives such as needs of reactive power compensation, voltage flicker and harmonics current compensation. Although the main disadvantage of UPQCs are their excessive price. Therefore UPQCs are not widely used. In this paper a method proposed to analyze the reactive and active power transaction capabilities of a practical vehicle battery in the Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) in a Vehicles to Grids (V2G) mode of operation, which gives a low-cost solution for designing a virtual UPQC using PHEV charging station. A third order dynamic battery model is used to represent the PHEV and substitute to dc link of UPQC. Simulations have been executed in MATLAB SIMULINK and demonstrated that PHEVs have able to work as a virtual UPQC to improve power quality.
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Keywords:  V2G, UPQC, PHEV, Battery Model, Smart Grid.

 

 

go to top   Revenue Maximization for Capacitor Placement in Distribution Networks Using Differential Evolution and Pattern Search
         by Attia A. El-Fergany

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1733-1740

        

Abstract - This article studies the implementation of meta-heuristic algorithm based for solving the capacitor placement optimization problem with maximum net savings. Differential Evolution and Pattern Search are used as meta-heuristic optimization tools to solve optimal Capacitor Placement (OCP) problem. The Objective function is formulated and aims to enhance bus voltage profiles effectively within the specified voltage constraints and reduce line active energy losses while maximizing the benefits of installing reactive compensators. To tackle and reduce the search space process and computational CPU time, the potential buses candidate for capacitor allocation are pre-identified. The identification of potential locations is obtained based on the calculations of Power Loss Indices (PLI) and/or loss Sensitivity factors (LSF) with weak voltage buses. At that moment, Hybrid Differential Evolution-Pattern Search approach is used for estimation of required optimum level/size of shunt capacitive compensations. Both PLI and LSF indicators for bus nominations are tested, and analyzed with comparisons. The overall accuracy and reliability of the developed approach were validated and tested on 10-bus, 22-bus, 28-bus, 33-bus, 34-bus and 69-bus radial distribution systems. Computational results obtained showed that the proposed approach capable of producing high-quality solutions, and demonstrated its viability. The results are compared with ones of previous studies using recent heuristic methods and the same network tests.
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Keywords:  Cost Minimization, Distribution Power Flow, Evolutionary Techniques, Reactive Power Support.

 

 

go to top   On Plant Modeling for the Plant-Input Mapping (PIM) Digital Redesign of a Power System Stabilizer
         by G. Shabib

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1741-1749

        

Abstract - This paper is concerned with the plant modeling for the digital redesign of a continuous-time power system stabilizer PSS for a single machine power system using Plant–Input-Mapping PIM method. The traditional approach has been to use the bilinear transform (Tustin’s method), but this needs small sampling intervals which gives some difficulties with modern control. The presented technique guarantees the stability for any sampling rate as well as it takes closed-loop characteristics into consideration. The proposed technique is successfully applied to the discretization of the conventional continuous time PSS for single-machine power system. For comparison studies the proposed technique is compared with conventional continuous-time PSS and Tustin’s PSS. The simulation results show that the states of the proposed digital redesign technique closely match those of the conventional continuous-time PSS. The proposed digital redesign technique guarantees stability even with relatively slow sampling rates while Tustin’s method falls when sampling interval becomes larger.
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Keywords:  Digital Redesign, Discretization, Dynamic Stability, Power Systems, Sampled-Data System.

 

 

go to top   Modelling, Analysis and Design of Fuel Cell based Distributed Generation System with Active and Reactive Power Flow Control
         by G. Mehta, S. P. Singh

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1750-1757

        

Abstract - This paper deals with the modelling, power flow control and load following analysis of fuel cell based distributed generation system. The modelled fuel cell is interfaced to the grid through the power conditioning unit with desired active and reactive power flow control. The output of the fuel cell stack is given to the dc-side of the voltage source inverter for interfacing to the grid. The active power transfer is based on the phase angle difference between dc-ac converter output voltage and grid voltage. The reactive power management is based on difference in magnitude of converter output and grid voltages. The entire system is modelled in MATLAB/Simulink environment and simulations carried out to verify the operation and the control principle and then co-simulated in digital signal processor TMS320F2812 through processor-in-loop.
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Keywords: Fuel Cell, Distributed Generation, Active And Reactive Power, Processor-In-Loop Simulation.

 

 

go to top   Generalized Approach for Calculation of Reduction Factor of a Cable Line Consisting of Three Single-Core Cables
         by Miodrag S. Stojanović, Dragan S. Tasić, Dragan D. Vučković

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1758-1764

        

Abstract - This paper presents a generalized approach for calculation of reduction factor of cable line consisting of three arbitrary arranged single-core cables. First, a general solution of the corresponding equation system written for six inductively coupled electrical circuits with an earth return path is presented and discussed. Afterwards, generalized analytical relations for calculation of reduction factor are derived and illustrated on a practical example. The influence of the cable screen temperature on calculated value of reduction factor is analyzed, as well as the influence of earth resistivity and distances between the single-core cables. The paper gives the expression for reduction factor of three single-core cables with cross-bonded metal screens which is not documented in the existing literature.
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Keywords: Power Cable, Reduction Factor, Ground Fault Current, Safety Conditions.

 

 

go to top   A Method for Ground Fault Distance Computation in Unearthed Medium Voltage Distribution Network
         by Mohd Rafi Adzman, Matti Lehtonen

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1765-1772

 

Abstract - In networks with unearthed or compensated neutral, earth fault signals consist of different frequency components, which result from charging and discharging of the network capacitances. The charge transient which usually is of higher amplitude and lower frequency than the discharge transient is most suitable for fault location. This paper discusses a method for estimating a single phase to ground fault location in radially operated unearthed distribution network. The proposed method is based on correlation of undamped charge transient frequency with the fault distance. The undamped complex frequency is defined from the development of single phase to ground fault bus impedance matrix of the circuit network in complex frequency domain. The accuracy of the method was tested using a simulation model and the network example with overhead lines. The analysis was performed using the EMTP-ATP software.
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Keywords:  Fault Location, Unearthed Network, Charge Transient, Impedance Matrix.

 

 

go to top   UPQC with two Current Control Strategies under unbalanced Load Conditions
         by A. Jeraldine viji, M.Sudhakaran

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1773-1779

        

Abstract - This paper presents comparison of control strategy of a three-phase; three wire Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) .It is used to improve power quality in distribution system. The UPQC is realized by the integration of series and shunt active power filters (APF) sharing a common dc bus capacitor. The realization of shunt and series APF is carried out by using a three-phase, three legs Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). In series active filter, the fundamental source voltages are extracted by synchronous reference frame technique. In Shunt active filter, the fundamental current is derived by two different techniques (i.e.) synchronous detection method and unit vector template method. The performance of the applied two control algorithm of shunt active filter with series active filter is evaluated in terms of power-factor correction, load balancing, and mitigation of voltage and current harmonics in a three-phase, three-wire distribution system for non-linear load and unbalanced load conditions. In both APF the reference signals and sensed signals are compared by a hysteresis curent controller and to generate switching pulses. The comparison between two control algorithms is made by use of MATLAB / Simulink-based simulations environment.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords: Unified power quality conditioner, Synchronous reference frame theory, Unit vector template , Power synchronous detection, current Harmonics, and Voltage Harmonics.

 

 

go to top   Modeling Hydro Power Plants and Tuning Hydro Governors as an Educational Guideline
         by R. A. Naghizadeh, S. Jazebi, B. Vahidi

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1780-1790

        

Abstract - Appropriate modeling of components and related controllers are very significant in studying dynamic performance of power systems. In this paper, an educational procedure for modeling, simulation, and governor tuning of hydro power plants is presented. Different existing dynamic models of hydro plant components are reviewed. The procedure for calculating the required parameters from real plant data is also presented. Application and performance of reviewed models is discussed as well. In addition, appropriate methods for tuning different types of hydro governors are studied and a classical method is used for PID governors. Inclusion of the nonlinearity and elasticity of the detailed turbine-penstock model, and studying the effect of the servo transfer functions are the main aspects of the proposed tuning method. The paper is written in a way to be useful for an electrical engineering student or a novice engineer to model, simulate, and analyze a hydro power plant dynamic behavior, and finally tune its governor. This work can be used as a primitive guideline for educational and practical purposes.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords: Power Plant Dynamics, Hydraulic Turbines, Governor Tuning, Power System Education, PID Controller.

 

 

go to top   Robust Tuning of PSSs in a Multi-Machine Area
         by M. Ojaghi, M. Sabouri, M. Azari

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1791-1797

        

Abstract - It is the purpose of this paper to multi-objective design of multi-machine power system stabilizers (PSSs) using Imperialist competition algorithm (ICA). The ability of the proposed approach for optimal setting of the widely used CPSSs has been attended. The PSSs parameters designing problem is converted to an optimization problem with the multi-objective function including the desired damping factor and the desired damping ratio of the power system modes, which is solved by a ICA algorithm. The capability of the proposed approach is confirmed on a multi-machine power system under different operating conditions and disturbances. The results of the proposed approach are compared with the genetic algorithm (GA) based tuned PSS through some performance indices to reveal its strong performance.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords: PSS Design, Imperialist Competition Algorithm (ICA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Multi-Objective Optimization.

 

 

go to top   Conventional MPPT System of Wind Generation: Comparative Study
         by I. Hamzaoui, F. Bouchafaa, A. Talha

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1798-1804

        

Abstract - The wind turbines used for power generation should enable to produce maximum power, making best use of available energy in the wind. A specific known terminology: Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) must be introduced to obtain maximum energy efficiency. The strategy from this command is to control the electromagnetic torque to adjust the speed mechanics to maximize the electrical power generated. There are two families from control structures, the strategy from maximizing the power with and without velocity control. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performances of two types of MPPT controllers mentioned on an 7.5kW test bench containing a DFIG and we interested to compare this two strategies from maximizing the power extracted for a wind generation system with a horizontal axis. The corresponding simulation model are described in section III. The studied MPPT controllers are presented results are given, analyzed and discussed in part IV. Finally, in last part, extracts some conclusions on this paper.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords: Wind, MPPT, Modeling, DFIG, Speed Control, Control Strategy, Power.

 

 

go to top   Mitigation of System Disturbances in an Interconnected Power Grid
         by Andrew Obok Opok, G. O. Anderson

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1805-1815

        

Abstract - Southern Africa Power Pool (SAPP) operates a large interconnected power grid of national electric power utilities and independent power players in 12 countries in Southern Africa. The paper presents recommendations, implemented mitigation measures to overcome major power system disturbances in SAPP system following system disturbances and outcome of investigations during 2008. Power system consultants and specialists from SAPP power utility members conducted steady state, dynamic and small signal power system studies to determine the root causes of the disturbances. The causes were traced to poor damping of power system oscillations; risks and vulnerability of SAPP system to transient stability; and unsafe transfer limits through transmission corridors. Measures implemented to mitigate system disturbances involved fitting or tuning PSS (Power Systems Stabilizers) and governors to identified generators. For mitigating against future disturbances it was recommended that Static Voltage Compensators (SVCs) and Flexible AC transmission Systems (FACTS) devices and equipment should be installed in transmission locations recommended from the study. The paper offers three significant contributions: understanding the root causes of system disturbances in large grids; methods of improving operation of large scale power grids; improving system performance through redesign by deploying FACTS or PSS to improve system damping or transfer capability.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords: Damping, Interconnected Power Grid, Small Signal Stability, System Disturbance; Transfer Capability, Transient Stability.

 

 

go to top   An Alternative Voltage Sag Source Identification Method Utilizing Radial Basis Function Network
         by Ooi Woei Song, H. Shareef, A. Kazemi

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1816-1823

        

Abstract - Power quality monitors (PQM) are required to be installed in a power supply network in order to assess power quality (PQ) disturbances such as voltage sags. However, with few PQMs installation, it is difficult to pinpoint the exact location of voltage sag. This paper proposes a new method for identifying the voltage sag source location by using the artificial neural network (ANN). Radial basis function networks are initially trained to estimate the unmonitored bus voltages during various sags caused by faults. Then voltage deviation of system buses is calculated to pinpoint voltage sag location. The validation of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by using an IEEE 30 Bus test system. The results shows that the proposed method can correctly locate the voltage sag source based on highest voltage deviation obtained through estimated unmonitored bus voltages.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords: Voltage Sag, Voltage Deviation, Radial Basis Function Network, Estimated Bus Voltage, Power Quality.

 

 

go to top   Distributed Maintenance Concept; Application: Scheduling Maintenance Tasks Using Dynamic Programming Method
         by Hichem Azli, Mohammed Mostefai

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1824-1827

        

Abstract - This paper describes the approach based on dynamic programing used to schedule maintenance tasks in a distributed context; the implementation of this concept (distributed maintenance) involves the construction of a plan based on the analysis of processes and processors, to accelerate the process of equipment maintenance. In general, the manager of the company responsible for managing the human resources has to solve the following problem: assign for each task to maintain the best skills at the right time. The scheduling of maintenance tasks takes into account the competence and the availability of human resources. Dynamic programming approach used to solve that kind of problem is an optimization method proceeding by implicit enumeration of solutions. This approach can effectively solve problems of sequential decisions. More generally, it is to address problems with an optimization strategy to decompose the problem into a sequence of problems, and then establish a recurrence relation between the optimal solutions.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords:  Distributed Maintenance, Human Resources, Scheduling, Ability, Availability, Dynamic Programming.

 

 

go to top   A Literature Review on Strategic Bidding in an Open Access Electricity Market
         by Vijaya Kumar J., Vinod Kumar D. M.

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1828-1837

        

Abstract - In competitive electricity markets also called as open access, formation of supply bid is one of the concerns, where suppliers have to maximize their profit under incomplete information of other competing generators. This initiated a significant research effort by the researchers and practitioners in electricity market throughout the world. As a part of this, many authors have presented different methodologies and tools to solve the bidding strategy problem in a competitive electricity market. The purpose of this paper is to provide an over view of different types of electricity markets, auction mechanism and a procedure for bidding in power pools. This paper also presents a literature survey based on different bidding methodologies applied so far in the area of power system deregulation.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords: Electricity Market, Bidding Strategy, Market Clearing Price (MCP), Auctions.

 

 

go to top   Cost Assessment of Offshore Wind Generation for Australia
         by Jayashri Ravishankar, Jirong Xu

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1838-1846

        

Abstract - Wind energy generation has experienced a significant growth over the past decade due the advantage of carbon neutral generation. Compared with the onshore wind energy, offshore wind energy generation has higher availability and fewer constraints, leading to the foundation of offshore wind farm in Europe where the lands are limited. However, due to the remarkable investment requirement of offshore wind farm, the cost assessment of an offshore wind farm should be carried out for verifying its feasibility. The aim of this work is to build the cost model ofoffshore wind generation for Australia. Suitable cost models are developed to calculate the actual cost of energy for the offshore wind farm, based on the real-industrial price. This study also provides cost expression for each component and therefore, the final total investment can be readily estimated.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords: Offshore Wind Farm, Levelised Cost Of Energy, Cost Assessment, Cost Model, Australia.

 

 

go to top   Investigate the Impressionability of the Reliability Level on Unit Commitment
         by Babak Kiani, A. D. Falehi

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1847-1853

        

Abstract - In this paper, the problems of the Unit Commitment (UC) and Dynamic Economic Dispatch (DED) have been thoroughly investigated by employing the Simulated Annealing (SA) Algorithm. On the other hand, the effect of the ramp rate constrain is surveyed to solve the UC problem and to achieve the desired reliability level. Because of this, the spinning reserve capacity is essential to design the optimization problem. The evaluation of the required spinning reserve capacity is performed by implementing the reliability constraints based on the expected unserved energy and loss of load probability index. The obtained results of simulation have suggested our excellent approach in cost enhancement.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords: UC, DED, SA Algorithm, Ramp Rate, Expected Unserved Energy, Uncertainty Load Forecast.

 

 

go to top   Correlation Evaluation of Unsynchronized Multi-End Windows for Locating Partial Discharge Sources in Covered-Conductor Overhead Lines
         by Muzamir Isa, Nagy I. Elkalashy, Ghulam M. Hashmi, M. Shafiq, Matti Lehtonen

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1854-1857

        

Abstract -  A correlation of unsynchronized multi-end windows technique is used for locating partial discharge (PD) source on covered-conductor (CC) overhead lines. The maximum correlation factor between signal arrivals at two-end measuring points is used in order to find the ratio of correlation. Then the ratio of correlation signals is ploted against its ratio of difference distance. The graph is plotted using LAB Fit software. The algorithm is developed and tested by the means of simulation. Electromagnetic Transient Program-Alternating Transient Program (EMTP-ATP) is used to implement and analyze a PD monitoring system. The proposed algorithm performance is evaluated by extracting the high frequency features using windowed-standard deviation (STD). The simulated evaluation proves that an accurate PD source location can be achieved using the proposed algorithm technique.
 Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords:  Partial Discharge, Rogowski Coil, Overhead Covered-Conductor, Distribution Network, PD Sensors.

 

 

go to top   Mathematical Modeling and Harmonics Optimization of a Multi-Level Magnetically Controlled Reactor with Harmony Search Algorithm
         by Reza Ghanizadeh, Mostafa Delbari, Mahmoud Ebadian

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp.  1858-1866

        

Abstract -  Proposed a new structure based on the multi-level saturation controllable reactor (MLMCR), can effectively reduce the MLMCR output harmonic contained in the current. Having a different length and area of the core portion of the apparatus by a plurality of MLMCR, Levels magnetic is generated due to the magnetic saturation in the work process the harmonic current of the different phases, to generate harmonic currents through the magnetic valve can achieve the purpose of reducing the output current contained in the harmonic. In this paper, based on the characteristics of the device on the core structure, the establishment of Mathematical model MLMCR harmonic characteristics, and the following conclusions: There are three main factors to affect the size of the MLMCR output harmonic, Respectively, for the the core classification number and the length of the cross-section and area, of which the latter two of MLMCR output harmonic greatest impact. By The HS parameters to optimize the design can makes MLMCR output total harmonic current maximum does not exceed the amount 1.8% of the rated output current.
 Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords:  Magnetically Controlled Reactor, Harmonic Analysis, Magnetic Curve, Mathematical Model, Harmony Search Algoritm.

 

 

Extracted by ICOMOS 2012 Virtual Forum - 3rd International Conference on Modelling and Simulations

 

go to top   Significance of Fault Diagnosis and Reduced Shock Module in Rotating Machinery by Data Collectors Using Trending Software and Modal Analysis
         by H. Al-Khazali, M. Askari

          Vol. 5. n. 4, pp. 1867-1875

        

Abstract - Vibration diagnosis is the most reliable method for identifying machine damage at an early stage. Imbalance and misalignment defects can be detected accurately, as well as rolling bearing damage and gear tooth defects. Satisfactory operation of any machine is always important for tools safety, increased productivity, and low downtime and maintenance overhead. Such requirements could usually be fulfilled by proper design and installation of machines at site. Design part is perhaps more matured in most cases; however installation may play a significant role in the dynamic behaviour even for properly designed machines. Vibration based condition monitoring and codes are well known and widely followed for most of the conventional rotating machines like Pumps, Motors, Turbines, etc., as well as improve or decay shock module in rotor system has been done in this study. The experimental technique used thus far is called Modal Testing, a well known and widely used technique in research and industry to obtain the Modal and Dynamic response properties of structures. The objective of this research using measuring devices to detect incipient damage to rotating components at an early stage. As a result, unplanned downtime can be prevented and maintenance costs can be reduced.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords:  Data Collectors, Shock Module, Trending Software, Vibration Diagnosis.

 

 

 

 
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