Analysis of the Flood Extent Extraction Model and the Natural Flood Influencing Factors: A GIS-based and Remote Sensing Analysis

Serious floods have hit the State of Perlis in 2005, 2010, as well as 2011. Perlis is situated in the northern part of Peninsula Malaysia. The floods caused great damages to properties and human lives. Flood is basically one of the weather related natural catastrophes. There are various methods used in an attempt to provide most reliable ways to reduce the flood risk and damages to the optimum level by identifying the flood vulnerable zones. The purpose of this paper is to develop a flood extent extraction model based on Minimum Distance Algorithm and to overlay with the natural flood influencing factors considered herein in order to examine the effect of each factor in flood generation. GIS spatial database was created from a geological map, SPOT satellite image, and the topographical map. An attribute database was equally created from field investigations and historical flood areas reports of the study area. The results show a great correlation between the flood extent extraction model and the flood factors.